npx skills add mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-SkillsMITRE ATT&CK
Overview
Aqua Security provides Trivy, the world's most popular open-source universal security scanner, designed to find vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, secrets, SBOM data, and license issues in containers, Kubernetes, code repositories, and cloud environments. Trivy covers OS packages (Alpine, Debian, Ubuntu, RHEL, etc.) and language-specific dependencies (npm, pip, Maven, Go modules, Cargo, etc.) with vulnerability databases sourced from NVD, vendor advisories, and GitHub Security Advisories. The enterprise Aqua Platform extends Trivy with centralized policy management, runtime protection, and compliance reporting.
When to Use
- When deploying or configuring implementing aqua security for container scanning capabilities in your environment
- When establishing security controls aligned to compliance requirements
- When building or improving security architecture for this domain
- When conducting security assessments that require this implementation
Prerequisites
- Docker installed for local image scanning
- CI/CD platform (GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins, etc.)
- Container registry access (Docker Hub, ECR, GCR, ACR, Harbor)
- Trivy CLI (
trivy) or Trivy Operator for Kubernetes - Aqua Platform license for enterprise features (optional)
Core Scanning Capabilities
Image Vulnerability Scanning
Trivy scans container images layer by layer, identifying CVEs in OS packages and application dependencies. It supports scanning local images, remote registry images, and tar archives.
# Scan a remote image
trivy image python:3.11-slim
# Scan with severity filter
trivy image --severity HIGH,CRITICAL nginx:latest
# Scan and fail CI if critical CVEs found
trivy image --exit-code 1 --severity CRITICAL myapp:latest
# Generate SBOM in CycloneDX format
trivy image --format cyclonedx --output sbom.json myapp:latestFilesystem and Repository Scanning
# Scan project directory for vulnerabilities in dependencies
trivy fs --scanners vuln,secret,misconfig .
# Scan a specific lockfile
trivy fs --scanners vuln package-lock.json
# Scan git repository
trivy repo https://github.com/org/projectKubernetes Scanning with Trivy Operator
The Trivy Operator runs inside a Kubernetes cluster and continuously scans workloads:
# Install Trivy Operator via Helm
helm repo add aqua https://aquasecurity.github.io/helm-charts/
helm repo update
helm install trivy-operator aqua/trivy-operator \
--namespace trivy-system \
--create-namespace \
--set trivy.severity="HIGH,CRITICAL" \
--set operator.scanJobTimeout="5m"The operator creates VulnerabilityReport and ConfigAuditReport custom resources for each workload.
IaC Misconfiguration Scanning
# Scan Terraform files
trivy config --severity HIGH,CRITICAL ./terraform/
# Scan Dockerfile for misconfigurations
trivy config Dockerfile
# Scan Kubernetes manifests
trivy config ./k8s-manifests/CI/CD Integration
GitHub Actions
name: Container Security Scan
on:
push:
branches: [main]
pull_request:
jobs:
scan:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Build Docker image
run: docker build -t myapp:${{ github.sha }} .
- name: Run Trivy vulnerability scanner
uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@master
with:
image-ref: 'myapp:${{ github.sha }}'
format: 'sarif'
output: 'trivy-results.sarif'
severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'
exit-code: '1'
- name: Upload Trivy scan results to GitHub Security tab
uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3
if: always()
with:
sarif_file: 'trivy-results.sarif'GitLab CI
container_scanning:
stage: security
image:
name: aquasec/trivy:latest
entrypoint: [""]
variables:
FULL_IMAGE_NAME: $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA
script:
- trivy image --exit-code 0 --format template --template "@/contrib/gitlab.tpl"
--output gl-container-scanning-report.json $FULL_IMAGE_NAME
- trivy image --exit-code 1 --severity CRITICAL $FULL_IMAGE_NAME
artifacts:
reports:
container_scanning: gl-container-scanning-report.jsonJenkins Pipeline
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
sh 'docker build -t myapp:${BUILD_NUMBER} .'
}
}
stage('Security Scan') {
steps {
sh '''
trivy image --exit-code 1 \
--severity HIGH,CRITICAL \
--format json \
--output trivy-report.json \
myapp:${BUILD_NUMBER}
'''
}
post {
always {
archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'trivy-report.json'
}
}
}
}
}Policy Configuration
Trivy Policy with OPA/Rego
Create .trivy/policy.rego for custom policy enforcement:
package trivy
deny[msg] {
input.Results[_].Vulnerabilities[_].Severity == "CRITICAL"
msg := "Critical vulnerabilities found in image"
}
deny[msg] {
input.Results[_].Vulnerabilities[vuln]
vuln.FixedVersion != ""
vuln.Severity == "HIGH"
msg := sprintf("Fixable HIGH vulnerability: %s", [vuln.VulnerabilityID])
}Ignore File Configuration
Create .trivyignore for accepted risks:
# Accepted risk: vulnerability in test dependency only
CVE-2023-12345
# Accepted until expiry date
CVE-2024-67890 exp:2025-06-01SBOM Generation and Management
# Generate CycloneDX SBOM
trivy image --format cyclonedx --output sbom-cyclonedx.json myapp:latest
# Generate SPDX SBOM
trivy image --format spdx-json --output sbom-spdx.json myapp:latest
# Scan an existing SBOM for new vulnerabilities
trivy sbom sbom-cyclonedx.jsonMonitoring and Reporting
| Metric | Description | Target |
|---|---|---|
| Images scanned per day | Total images passing through scanning pipeline | All production images |
| Critical CVE count | Open critical vulnerabilities across all images | 0 in production |
| Mean time to patch | Average days from CVE publication to patched image | < 7 days |
| SBOM coverage | Percentage of production images with generated SBOMs | 100% |
| Scan duration | Average time per image scan | < 2 minutes |
References
References and resources
Everything below is rendered for inspection. Script files are read-only and never run.
References 3
api-reference.md1.9 KB
API Reference: Container Image Vulnerability Scanner (Trivy)
Dependencies
| Library | Version | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| trivy CLI | >=0.50 | Container image scanning (invoked via subprocess) |
CLI Usage
python scripts/agent.py \
--images nginx:latest alpine:3.19 myapp:v1.2 \
--severity CRITICAL,HIGH \
--sbom \
--output-dir /reports/ \
--output trivy_report.jsonFunctions
check_trivy_installed() -> bool
Verifies Trivy CLI is available in PATH by running trivy --version.
scan_image(image, severity, ignore_unfixed) -> dict
Runs trivy image --format json --severity CRITICAL,HIGH <image>. Returns parsed JSON output.
scan_image_misconfig(image) -> dict
Runs trivy image --scanners misconfig to detect Dockerfile and config issues.
scan_image_secrets(image) -> dict
Runs trivy image --scanners secret to find embedded secrets in image layers.
generate_sbom(image, output_path) -> bool
Runs trivy image --format cyclonedx to produce CycloneDX SBOM.
parse_vuln_results(scan_data) -> list
Extracts vulnerability details from Trivy JSON: VulnerabilityID, PkgName, InstalledVersion, FixedVersion, Severity.
compute_summary(vulns) -> dict
Counts vulnerabilities by severity level (CRITICAL/HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW) and fixable count.
scan_multiple_images(images, severity) -> dict
Orchestrates scanning of multiple images and aggregates results.
Trivy CLI Commands Used
| Command | Purpose |
|---|---|
trivy image --format json |
Vulnerability scan with JSON output |
trivy image --scanners misconfig |
Misconfiguration detection |
trivy image --scanners secret |
Secret detection in layers |
trivy image --format cyclonedx |
SBOM generation |
Output Schema
{
"images": [{"image": "nginx:latest", "summary": {"CRITICAL": 2, "HIGH": 5, "fixable": 4}}],
"overall_summary": {"CRITICAL": 2, "HIGH": 5, "total": 7}
}standards.md1.6 KB
Standards Reference for Container Scanning
NIST SP 800-190: Application Container Security Guide
| Recommendation | Trivy Coverage |
|---|---|
| 4.1 Image vulnerabilities | CVE scanning of OS packages and app dependencies |
| 4.2 Image configuration defects | IaC misconfig scanning of Dockerfiles |
| 4.3 Embedded malware | Secret scanning detects embedded credentials |
| 4.4 Embedded cleartext secrets | Secret scanner with regex and entropy detection |
| 4.5 Use of untrusted images | Registry scanning and image provenance verification |
CIS Docker Benchmark v1.6 Alignment
| CIS Control | Trivy Check |
|---|---|
| 4.1 Ensure image is created from a trusted base | Base image vulnerability scanning |
| 4.3 Ensure unnecessary packages are not installed | SBOM generation reveals full package inventory |
| 4.6 Add HEALTHCHECK instruction | Dockerfile misconfiguration check |
| 4.9 Ensure COPY instead of ADD | Dockerfile misconfiguration check |
| 4.10 Ensure secrets are not stored in Dockerfiles | Secret detection in filesystem scan |
Vulnerability Database Sources
| Source | Coverage | Update Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| NVD (NIST) | All CVEs | Continuous |
| Alpine SecDB | Alpine Linux packages | Daily |
| Debian Security Tracker | Debian packages | Daily |
| Ubuntu CVE Tracker | Ubuntu packages | Daily |
| Red Hat OVAL | RHEL/CentOS packages | Daily |
| GitHub Advisory Database | Language packages | Continuous |
| Go Vulnerability Database | Go modules | Continuous |
| RustSec Advisory Database | Rust crates | Continuous |
workflows.md1.2 KB
Aqua Security Container Scanning Workflows
Workflow 1: CI/CD Image Gate
Developer commits code
|
Docker image built in CI
|
Trivy scans image for vulnerabilities
|
[No Critical/High] --> Image pushed to registry
[Critical found] --> Pipeline fails, image rejected
|
SBOM generated and stored alongside image
|
Image tagged with scan metadata
|
Kubernetes admission controller validates scan results
|
Deployment proceeds only with scanned imagesWorkflow 2: Registry Continuous Scanning
New image pushed to container registry
|
Trivy Operator detects new image tag
|
Scheduled scan triggered
|
VulnerabilityReport CR created in cluster
|
New CVE published in NVD
|
Re-scan of all running images
|
Alert generated for newly affected images
|
Remediation ticket created automaticallyWorkflow 3: SBOM-Based Vulnerability Tracking
Image scanned, SBOM generated (CycloneDX/SPDX)
|
SBOM stored in artifact repository
|
New CVE published
|
SBOM re-scanned without rebuilding image
|
Affected images identified across fleet
|
Prioritized patching based on exposure and severityScripts 2
agent.py5.7 KB
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Container image vulnerability scanning agent using Trivy CLI via subprocess."""
import argparse
import json
import logging
import os
import subprocess
import sys
from datetime import datetime
from typing import List
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s")
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def check_trivy_installed() -> bool:
"""Check if Trivy CLI is available."""
try:
result = subprocess.run(["trivy", "--version"], capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=10)
return result.returncode == 0
except FileNotFoundError:
return False
def scan_image(image: str, severity: str = "CRITICAL,HIGH",
ignore_unfixed: bool = True) -> dict:
"""Scan a container image for vulnerabilities using Trivy."""
cmd = ["trivy", "image", "--format", "json", "--severity", severity, image]
if ignore_unfixed:
cmd.append("--ignore-unfixed")
try:
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=300)
if result.stdout:
return json.loads(result.stdout)
except (subprocess.TimeoutExpired, json.JSONDecodeError) as exc:
logger.error("Trivy scan failed for %s: %s", image, exc)
return {}
def scan_image_misconfig(image: str) -> dict:
"""Scan a container image for misconfigurations."""
cmd = ["trivy", "image", "--format", "json", "--scanners", "misconfig", image]
try:
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=300)
if result.stdout:
return json.loads(result.stdout)
except (subprocess.TimeoutExpired, json.JSONDecodeError) as exc:
logger.error("Misconfig scan failed: %s", exc)
return {}
def scan_image_secrets(image: str) -> dict:
"""Scan a container image for embedded secrets."""
cmd = ["trivy", "image", "--format", "json", "--scanners", "secret", image]
try:
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=300)
if result.stdout:
return json.loads(result.stdout)
except (subprocess.TimeoutExpired, json.JSONDecodeError) as exc:
logger.error("Secret scan failed: %s", exc)
return {}
def generate_sbom(image: str, output_path: str) -> bool:
"""Generate SBOM in CycloneDX format for an image."""
cmd = ["trivy", "image", "--format", "cyclonedx", "--output", output_path, image]
try:
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=300)
return result.returncode == 0
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
return False
def parse_vuln_results(scan_data: dict) -> List[dict]:
"""Parse Trivy JSON output into structured vulnerability list."""
vulns = []
for result in scan_data.get("Results", []):
target = result.get("Target", "")
for vuln in result.get("Vulnerabilities", []):
vulns.append({
"target": target,
"vuln_id": vuln.get("VulnerabilityID", ""),
"pkg_name": vuln.get("PkgName", ""),
"installed": vuln.get("InstalledVersion", ""),
"fixed": vuln.get("FixedVersion", ""),
"severity": vuln.get("Severity", ""),
"title": vuln.get("Title", ""),
})
return vulns
def compute_summary(vulns: List[dict]) -> dict:
"""Compute severity summary from vulnerability list."""
summary = {"CRITICAL": 0, "HIGH": 0, "MEDIUM": 0, "LOW": 0}
for v in vulns:
sev = v.get("severity", "").upper()
if sev in summary:
summary[sev] += 1
summary["total"] = len(vulns)
fixable = sum(1 for v in vulns if v.get("fixed"))
summary["fixable"] = fixable
return summary
def scan_multiple_images(images: List[str], severity: str) -> dict:
"""Scan multiple container images and aggregate results."""
report = {"scan_date": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(), "images": []}
for image in images:
logger.info("Scanning %s...", image)
scan_data = scan_image(image, severity)
vulns = parse_vuln_results(scan_data)
report["images"].append({
"image": image, "vulnerabilities": vulns,
"summary": compute_summary(vulns),
})
totals = {"CRITICAL": 0, "HIGH": 0, "MEDIUM": 0, "LOW": 0, "total": 0}
for img in report["images"]:
for k in totals:
totals[k] += img["summary"].get(k, 0)
report["overall_summary"] = totals
return report
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Container Image Vulnerability Scanner (Trivy)")
parser.add_argument("--images", nargs="+", required=True, help="Container images to scan")
parser.add_argument("--severity", default="CRITICAL,HIGH", help="Severity filter")
parser.add_argument("--sbom", action="store_true", help="Generate SBOM for each image")
parser.add_argument("--output-dir", default=".", help="Output directory")
parser.add_argument("--output", default="trivy_report.json")
args = parser.parse_args()
if not check_trivy_installed():
logger.error("Trivy CLI not found. Install: https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy/")
sys.exit(1)
os.makedirs(args.output_dir, exist_ok=True)
report = scan_multiple_images(args.images, args.severity)
if args.sbom:
for image in args.images:
sbom_name = image.replace("/", "_").replace(":", "_") + "_sbom.json"
sbom_path = os.path.join(args.output_dir, sbom_name)
generate_sbom(image, sbom_path)
out_path = os.path.join(args.output_dir, args.output)
with open(out_path, "w") as f:
json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
logger.info("Report saved to %s", out_path)
print(json.dumps(report["overall_summary"], indent=2))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
process.py5.4 KB
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Trivy Container Scanning Report Aggregator
Processes Trivy JSON scan results and generates consolidated
vulnerability reports across multiple container images.
"""
import json
import os
import sys
import subprocess
from datetime import datetime
from collections import defaultdict
def run_trivy_scan(image: str, output_file: str) -> dict:
cmd = [
"trivy", "image",
"--format", "json",
"--output", output_file,
"--severity", "CRITICAL,HIGH,MEDIUM,LOW",
image,
]
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode not in (0, 1):
print(f"Trivy scan failed for {image}: {result.stderr}")
return {}
with open(output_file) as f:
return json.load(f)
def parse_trivy_results(scan_data: dict) -> dict:
summary = {
"vulnerabilities": [],
"severity_counts": defaultdict(int),
"fixable_count": 0,
"packages_affected": set(),
}
for result in scan_data.get("Results", []):
target = result.get("Target", "")
target_type = result.get("Type", "")
for vuln in result.get("Vulnerabilities", []):
entry = {
"id": vuln.get("VulnerabilityID"),
"severity": vuln.get("Severity", "UNKNOWN"),
"package": vuln.get("PkgName"),
"installed_version": vuln.get("InstalledVersion"),
"fixed_version": vuln.get("FixedVersion"),
"title": vuln.get("Title", ""),
"target": target,
"target_type": target_type,
}
summary["vulnerabilities"].append(entry)
summary["severity_counts"][entry["severity"]] += 1
summary["packages_affected"].add(entry["package"])
if entry["fixed_version"]:
summary["fixable_count"] += 1
summary["packages_affected"] = list(summary["packages_affected"])
summary["severity_counts"] = dict(summary["severity_counts"])
return summary
def generate_fleet_report(images: list) -> dict:
report = {
"generated_at": datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
"total_images": len(images),
"total_vulnerabilities": 0,
"total_critical": 0,
"total_fixable": 0,
"severity_summary": defaultdict(int),
"top_cves": defaultdict(int),
"image_reports": [],
}
for i, image in enumerate(images):
print(f"Scanning {i+1}/{len(images)}: {image}")
output_file = f"/tmp/trivy_scan_{i}.json"
scan_data = run_trivy_scan(image, output_file)
if not scan_data:
continue
parsed = parse_trivy_results(scan_data)
vuln_count = len(parsed["vulnerabilities"])
report["total_vulnerabilities"] += vuln_count
report["total_critical"] += parsed["severity_counts"].get("CRITICAL", 0)
report["total_fixable"] += parsed["fixable_count"]
for sev, count in parsed["severity_counts"].items():
report["severity_summary"][sev] += count
for vuln in parsed["vulnerabilities"]:
report["top_cves"][vuln["id"]] += 1
report["image_reports"].append({
"image": image,
"total_vulnerabilities": vuln_count,
"severity_counts": parsed["severity_counts"],
"fixable": parsed["fixable_count"],
"critical_vulns": [
v for v in parsed["vulnerabilities"] if v["severity"] == "CRITICAL"
],
})
report["severity_summary"] = dict(report["severity_summary"])
top_sorted = sorted(report["top_cves"].items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)[:20]
report["top_cves"] = dict(top_sorted)
return report
def print_fleet_report(report: dict) -> None:
print(f"\n{'='*60}")
print(f"Container Fleet Vulnerability Report")
print(f"Generated: {report['generated_at']}")
print(f"{'='*60}")
print(f"Images scanned: {report['total_images']}")
print(f"Total vulnerabilities: {report['total_vulnerabilities']}")
print(f"Total critical: {report['total_critical']}")
print(f"Total fixable: {report['total_fixable']}")
print(f"\nSeverity Breakdown:")
for sev in ["CRITICAL", "HIGH", "MEDIUM", "LOW", "UNKNOWN"]:
count = report["severity_summary"].get(sev, 0)
if count:
print(f" {sev:12s}: {count}")
print(f"\nImages by Risk (sorted by critical count):")
for img in sorted(
report["image_reports"],
key=lambda x: x["severity_counts"].get("CRITICAL", 0),
reverse=True,
):
crits = img["severity_counts"].get("CRITICAL", 0)
print(f" {img['image']:50s} | Critical: {crits} | Total: {img['total_vulnerabilities']}")
def main():
images_env = os.environ.get("SCAN_IMAGES", "")
if images_env:
images = [i.strip() for i in images_env.split(",") if i.strip()]
else:
images = [
"python:3.11-slim",
"node:20-alpine",
"nginx:latest",
"golang:1.22-alpine",
]
print("No SCAN_IMAGES env var set, using default image list")
report = generate_fleet_report(images)
print_fleet_report(report)
output = f"container_scan_report_{datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')}.json"
with open(output, "w") as f:
json.dump(report, f, indent=2, default=str)
print(f"\nReport saved to: {output}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()